Climate summit faces trillion-dollar showdown as Cop29 opens in Baku

This year’s Cop marks the third consecutive summit held in an authoritarian state, following Egypt and the United Arab Emirates.

Governments are gathering in Azerbaijan on Monday for talks on the climate that will test wealthy nations' commitment to funding poorer ones bearing the brunt of global warming. But concerns over Baku's human rights record and deep ties to fossil fuels have cast a heavy shadow over the UN’s crucial "finance Cop".

Cop29 is taking place as 2024 is expected to be declared the hottest year ever recorded.

The two-week event faces major challenges: Azerbaijan has announced plans to expand gas production, local activists have been jailed in a pre-summit crackdown, and nations remain sharply divided over who should pay the trillions needed to tackle climate impacts.

What's undisputed, however, is that emissions are not being cut fast enough. United Nations estimates show the planet is on track for a catastrophic temperature rise of between 2.6C and 3.1C by 2100 – far above the safer 1.5C limit set in Paris in 2015.

The need for action is amplified by a looming February 2025 deadline for countries to update their Nationally Determined Contributions, or emissions reduction targets, under the Paris Agreement.

Without stronger commitments, the world faces rising sea levels, devastating heatwaves and worsening food insecurity.

Finance goal

Sitting at the top of the agenda is climate finance. The world must agree a new funding goal to replace the previous $100 billion annual target, which wealthy nations only met in 2022 – two years late.


Read more on RFI English

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