First Nations leader urges Canada to prosecute 'out of hand' hate speech

Amid growing online attacks on Canada’s indigenous peoples – laced with vitriol, stereotypes and even death threats – a prominent First Nations leader is urging the government to crack down on hate speech.

“It’s getting out of hand,” said Chief Bobby Cameron of the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations, which represents 74 First Nations in the province of Saskatchewan. “Our people deserve to feel accepted. They shouldn’t feel that their lives are in danger.”

During a meeting this week with Canada’s justice minister, Jody Wilson-Raybould, he pushed the government to consider strengthening the country’s hate speech laws. While prosecution of hate speech is not common in Canada, those found guilty face up to two years in prison.

“We’re calling for harsh and swift penalties, as well as prosecution,” he said. “These people, if they say, ‘So and so should die,’ or ‘I’m going to kill you,’ immediately they should be charged. Those that are spurring hatred and spurring death online deserve to go to jail.”

He pointed to last year’s fatal shooting of 22-year-old Colten Boushie, who was driving home with friends to Red Pheasant First Nation when a tyre blew out. The car pulled into a nearby farm, where Boushie was shot dead.

Police charged the farm’s owner, 55, with second-degree murder, sparking a torrent of racist comments on social media. Some linked First Nations to crime while others praised the idea of vigilante justice.

The hateful reaction provoked a response from aboriginal leaders across Canada. “To see racist, derogatory comments about this young man – and about First Nations people online and on social media in response to this tragedy – is profoundly disturbing,” said Perry Bellegarde, national chief of the Assembly of First Nations. “They are racist, insensitive and ignorant. They are disheartening and a stark reminder of how much work we have to do to eliminate racism and discrimination.”

Soon after, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police said they were looking into the hundreds of racist comments to determine whether hate charges were warranted. So far, no charges have been laid.

Online attacks – which at their most extreme have included calling for the sterilisation of indigenous people as well as rape and murder – have become disturbingly regular, said Cameron, leaving many worried that the online violence will spill into their daily lives. “It’s making everybody feel like garbage – low self-esteem, low self-confidence – and fear being attacked when you’re out in the world.”

This month, Barbara Kentner, a 34-year-old First Nations woman, died after a trailer hitch was thrown at her from a passing car in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Her sister said the pair had been walking in a residential neighbourhood when the metal hitch struck her sister in the abdomen. A passenger in the car yelled: “Oh, I got one,” she told the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

An 18-year-old man has been charged with aggravated assault relating to the incident.

The surge in online vitriol comes as many communities are struggling with mental health issues, said Cameron. Across the country, suicides and self-inflicted injuries rank as the leading cause of death for First Nations people younger than 44. For First Nations youth, statistics are even more bleak: suicide rates for young First Nations males are 10 times higher than for non-indigenous male youths. For young First Nations women, the suicide rate climbs to a staggering 21 times that of their non-indigenous counterparts.

Systemic inequities run deep: in 2016, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ruled that the federal government was racially discriminating against aboriginal youth by underfunding welfare services on reserves.

Cameron worried that the online hate and racist stereotypes would ensure these issues were carried forward to the next generations. “It begs the question, what are these children going to believe when they get older?” Cameron asked.

The issue of online attacks was thrust into the spotlight in 2015, after the CBC said it had closed comments on stories about indigenous peoples. “We’ve noticed over many months that these stories draw a disproportionate number of comments that cross the line and violate our guidelines,” Brodie Fenlon, the broadcaster’s acting director of digital news, explained in a blogpost. “Some of the violations are obvious, some not so obvious; some comments are clearly hateful and vitriolic, some are simply ignorant. And some appear to be hate disguised as ignorance (ie, racist sentiments expressed in benign language).”

The public broadcaster said the move – which it said was temporary – came after careful consideration, given its obligation to provide a space for Canadians to engage and debate the issues of the day. Twenty months after the change was introduced, it remains in effect.