The full list of MPs who are standing down at the next general election
The UK is set for the most unpredictable general election campaign in decades, following months of unrest within the two main parties.
While Boris Johnson’s threats to hold an October election were silenced in the Commons last month, another vote is still widely expected before the end of the year.
The next election technically isn’t due until 2022, but the government has repeatedly pushed to bring this forward in a bid to restore the Conservative Party's ruling majority.
While uncertainty persists over when it will take place, a number of MPs from across the political spectrum have already announced they will be stepping down at the next election.
Here is the full list.
Conservative
John Bercow - MP for Buckingham and Commons speaker
Glyn Davies - MP for Montgomeryshire
Michael Fallon - MP for Sevenoaks and former defence secretary
Nick Hurd - MP for Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner and Northern Ireland minister
Jo Johnson - MP for Orpington and universities minister. Brother of Boris Johnson
Jeremy Lefroy - MP for Stafford
Claire Perry - MP for Devizes
Mark Prisk - MP for Hertford & Stortford
Keith Simpson - MP for Broadland
Caroline Spelman - MP for Meriden and former environment secretary
David Tredinnick - MP for Boswort
Mark Field - MP for Cities of London and Westminster
Labour
Kevin Barron - MP for Rother Valley
Ronnie Campbell - MP for Blyth Valley
Gloria De Piero - MP for Ashfield and shadow justice minister
Jim Fitzpatrick - MP for Poplar and Limehouse
Kate Hoey - MP for Vauxhall
John Mann - MP for Bassetlaw
Albert Owen - MP for Ynys Mon
Teresa Pearce - MP for Erith and Thamesmead and ex-shadow housing minister
Stephen Pound - MP for Ealing North
Geoffrey Robinson - MP for Coventry North West
Stephen Twigg - MP for Liverpool West Derby
Lib Dem
Vince Cable - MP for Twickenham and former leader of the Lib Dems
Norman Lamb - North Norfolk
Independents
Guto Bebb - MP for Aberconwy and former defence minister
Richard Benyon - MP for Newbury
Nick Boles - Grantham
Alastair Burt - MP for North East Bedfordshire and former Foreign Office minister
Kenneth Clarke - MP for Rushcliffe since 1970. Former chancellor, home secretary, justice secretary, health secretary and education secretary and the Father of the House
Justine Greening - MP for Putney and former education secretary
Richard Harrington - MP for Watford
Oliver Letwin - MP for West Dorset and ex-Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Sir Nicholas Soames - MP for Mid Sussex. Grandson of Winston Churchill, former defence minister and shadow defence secretary
Rory Stewart - MP for Penrith and The Border and former international development secretary. Standing for mayor of London
Amber Rudd - MP for Hastings and Rye and former work and pensions secretary, home secretary and energy secretary
Also, these are the 21 MPs who had the Tory whip withdrawn for voting against the government in September
Kenneth Clarke
Philip Hammond
David Gauke
Greg Clark
Sir Oliver Letwin
Justine Greening
Dominic Grieve
Rory Stewart
Sir Nicholas Soames
Alistair Burt
Sam Gyimah
Stephen Hammond
Guto Bebb
Richard Benyon
Steve Brine
Richard Harrington
Margot James
Anne Milton
Caroline Nokes
Antoinette Sandbach
Edward Vaizey
Amber Rudd voluntarily gave up the Tory whip when she quit the Cabinet as work and pensions secretary and minister for women and equalities.