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The First X-Files: How Britain Investigated UFOs During World War I

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Did the Red Baron really shoot down a flying saucer over the battlefields of World War I - and did an ‘Angel’ really save the lives of British troops?

Bizarrely, a team of British intelligence officers were assigned to investigate weird sightings in the skies in World War I - becoming the precursor of UFO investigators both real and fictional.

Most of us think of UFOs and mysterious sightings in the sky as a modern phenomenon - but ‘phantom airships’ became a huge panic in the early years of the Twentieth century, and regularly featured in newspapers.

By the time of World War I, a more scientific approach was needed.

A predecessor to MI5 - Military Observation Department Five (MO5), under the control of Lieutenant Colonel Kell - was assigned the task of classifying sightings in the air.

Amid panic about enemy airships, it was a military necessity to weed out ‘phantom airships’ from real aircraft sightings.

Nigel Watson, author of UFOs of the First World War says, ‘It can be regarded as the first ever official guide to studying UFO reports long before the CIA or any other organisation got with the subject when ‘flying saucer’ sightings were all the rage after WWII.

‘During WW! there were numerous reports of mysterious lights and objects moving about in the skies. These were studied by the Assistant Director of Military Aeronautics, a post held by Lieutenant Colonel W.S. Brancker; the department of Military Training; and by the Brancker and Kell can be regarded as the first Mulder and Scully who studied the flow of UFO-type reports that flowed into their offices.’

Lights in the sky

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The reports sent to Brancker and Kell sound eerily like today’s UFO sightings - and came amid widespread panic not only about enemy airships but also more mysterious sightings.

A 1914 telegram from the Chief Constable of Lancashire said, ‘Large red light seen at 8.45pm today passing over Runcorn Bridge Arches. Immediately afterwards, an explosion was heard in Widnes and Runcorn.

The guidelines set out by the war office helped officers of MO5 categorise sightings as of natural origin - or as something more mysterious.

Flying saucers

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Various legends about extraterrestrials have circulated about World War I - of which the most astonishing (and implausible) is that German fighter ace the Red Baron shot down a UFO.

Fellow pilots claimed, after the war, that Baron Manfred von Richtofen shot down a flying saucer type craft - from which two inhabitants fled.

Fellow German pilot Peter Waitzrick said that the fighters saw an aircraft like an upside down saucer, ‘We were terrified because we’d never seen anything like it before. The Baron immediately opened fire and the thing went down like a rock, shearing off tree limbs as it crashed into the woods.

‘There’s no doubt in my mind that the Baron shot down some kind of spacecraft from another planet and those little guys who ran off into the woods were space aliens of some kind.

The story is highly dubious, however - given that Waitzrick didn’t share his story until 80 years after the event, and chose to do so in the U.S. tabloid Weekly World News.

The disappearing soldiers

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UFO fans claim that aliens may have ‘abducted’ people from the battlefields of World War I - with a claim of hundreds of men ‘vanishing’ into a cloud during the Gallipoli campaign.

Witnesses claimed to have seen British soldiers marching towards Hill 60 at Sulva Bay in Turkey on August 21, 1915 - before being snatched up by a ‘solid-looking’ cloud.

A statement from a supposed eye-witness published in 1965, said, ‘When they arrived at this cloud they marched straight into it with no hesitation, but no one ever came out to fight. About an hour later this cloud very unobtrusively lifted off the ground until it joined other similar clouds, then they all moved away northwards.’

But it seems likely that this is a hoax. Documents released after the Armistice suggest that 180 bodies found behind enemy lines are those of the ‘missing soldiers’ - and the story of the cloud is a myth.

The ‘Angel’ of Mons

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An ‘Angel’ which many British soldiers credited with saving their lives in one of the first, brutal battles of World War I has been seized on by UFO fans as evidence of extraterrestrials…

Many soldiers credited the strange apparitions with saving their lives - and the story became a staple of parish magazines.

The battle had been one of the first in which the British faced the Germans - and despite retreating, only 1,600 lives were lost.

Decades later, debate rages still - some attributing the ‘Angel’ to a short story from the Evening Standard, others to British intelligence.

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The popular author, Arthur Machen claimed that this legend was created by his fictional ‘The Bowmen’ story published in The Evening News, 29 September 1914.

In it, British soldiers call on St George for aid, and are helped by ghostly bowmen from the Battle of Agincourt. One fact that lends weight to this theory is that few reports of the incident exist before Machen’s story.

Nigel Watson, author of UFOs of World War 1 says, ‘Even today the legend is swathed in controversy. Theories about it range from it being a myth based on Machen’s story, the product of hallucinations due to stress and exhaustion, real angelic visitations, ghosts, swamp gas, airships or alien UFOs projecting or shaping themselves to the expectations of the witnesses.’

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(Images: Rex/Nigel Watson)